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Playbook · Tourism

Tourism destination development

Reference context: Cape Verde and Zanzibar, Tanzania

The development challenge

Seasonal, concentrated visitor demand with limited local value retention.

Starting conditions

Strong natural assets, constrained air access, and fragmented land tenure on the coast.

Policy and financing interventions

  • Air-access route support
  • Destination management structures
  • Tenure clarification before investment marketing

Enabling infrastructure

  • Airport capacity
  • Water and waste systems sized for peak season
  • Coastal protection

Implementation sequence

  • Tenure clarification
  • Air access
  • Utilities
  • Operator agreements
  • Phased keys

Measured outcomes

  • Longer average stay
  • Higher off-season occupancy where events were programmed

Setbacks and trade-offs

  • Coastal erosion costs underestimated
  • Local employment share below target without training pipelines

Private-sector participation

Operators committed against verified air-seat growth, not projected demand.

What not to copy

  • Do not model year-round occupancy from peak-season evidence.
  • Do not assume tenure clarity on coastal parcels.

Kenya Transferability Assessment

Scored only where sourced inputs exist. The narrative, not the number, carries the conclusion.

56

/ 100 weighted transferabilityData confidence: Limited
  • Institutional fit55/100 · weight 25%

    Coastal tenure and county licensing add friction.

  • Financing fit47/100 · weight 20%

    Hospitality debt pricing is sensitive to seasonality.

  • Infrastructure readiness58/100 · weight 20%

    Peak-season water and waste capacity is the constraint.

  • Market-demand fit65/100 · weight 25%

    Established destination recognition supports demand.

  • Social / environmental fit45/100 · weight 10%

    Coastal climate exposure is material.

What must be true for this lesson to transfer: the enabling institution must hold a single delivery mandate, the financing instrument must have a working collection mechanism, and the trunk infrastructure must be funded before density or land value is released.

Cited evidence

  • Tourism-led development outcomesSource: World Bank · 2022

Evidence entries are catalogued in the Data Room with licence terms and update cadence.